What is the nature of fields typically explored and developed so far?

Typically, so far, the offshore (in the sea) fields that human have explored and developed are:

in terms of water depth,
Shallow Water
Deep Water - water depth deeper than 200m (it could slightly vary from company to company's classification).
at deeper water cost of drilling wells increases.

in terms of type of rock,
Clastic (Sandstone)
Carbonate
Basement

in terms of reservoir pore pressure,
Normal Pressure
High Pressure (more than 10,000 psi)
High Pressure, High Temperature (pressure more than 10,000 psi, temperature more than 350 deg F).

Disclaimer:
The sharing is based on my personal interpretation and understanding. It does not represent any company or engineering body/technical journal. 

What is the difference between MWD and LWD?

MWD stands for Measurement While Drilling.

LWD stands for Logging While Drilling. 

Data acquired:
MWD:
=====
1. Log acquired:
Gamma Ray (GR) - tells lithology encountered as a well is drilled.
Resistivity (RES) - tells fluid encountered as a well is drilled. Differentiate between water or hydrocarbon.

2. Directional survey

Those data needed from beginning of drilling to make sure the well is heading in the right direction and right mud weight is applied. 

LWD:
=====
Log acquired:
Gamma Ray (GR)
Resistivity (RES)
Neutron-Density (NEU-DEN) - differentiate between water, oil and gas phase.
Caliper (CALI) - gives continuous measurement of the size and shape of a borehole along its depth and is commonly used in hydrocarbon exploration when drilling wells. The measurements that are recorded can be an important indicator of cave ins or shale swelling in the borehole, which can affect the results of other well logs. (source wikipedia).

Data from LWD is needed when the well enters the objective section (target section expected to contain hyrdrocarbon).

LWD cost more than MWD+logging using wireline. 
Today I learnt that:
1. During exploration campaign, conventional practice prefers MWD+Wireline logging than LWD. Though MWD could not differentiate between oil and gas phase, that can be assessed via oil/gas shows in cuttings. Wireline logging will ascertain the exact depth of lithology and each fluid. 

2. There are teams' experience drilling Basement rock didnt get good LWD data - due to high vibration during low ROP (rate of penetration). When on LWD mode, well drilling needs to slow down to record the data. 

Disclaimer:
The sharing is based on my personal interpretation and understanding. It does not represent any company or engineering body/technical journal. 

Spy

It's Friday afternoon, my company gives 2.5 hours lunch break.

Me and my girlfriends went for movie 'Spy'.
Terrific action comedy piece. Had real good laugh.
As of today Rotten Tomatoes rates it 5*, I vote the same :)

Wowww

Wowww
These 2 weeks I found 2 colleagues actually found and read this blog.
My last post was nearly 2 years ago... I nearly forgot I created this blog.
Their encouragement makes me want to start writing again :)

So I re-set my gmail password (because obviously I forgot it).
Glad to find that I'm still able to publish new post.
And yeah, I guess I will start writing again :)

It's going to be long leave for Malaysians

Thursday is the Eid ul-fitri, 1st day of Syawal - time for family gathering after holy month of Ramadhan.
My husband and I will start our leave to celebrate the Eid tomorrow, and tonight we are flying back to Kuala Terengganu, his hometown.
We'll be there till Friday, come back to KL and drive to my hometown Teluk Intan on Saturday.
May God bless our journey and it be safe one.

Happy Eid ul-fitri, happy holiday everyone :)

PVT Analysis - Step 1 - gathering lab report

Typical PVT lab report content looks like this:

Table of Contents
		page
	Table of Contents.....................................................................	i
	Executive Summary (Sub-surface Oil)..................................	ii
	General Well Information........................................................	1
	Sample List...............................................................................	2
	Summary of Validation Data...................................................	3
	Bubble Point of Sample X.......................................................	4
	Bubble Point of Sample Y.......................................................	5
	Subsurface Oil Composition - Sample X.............................	6-8
	Subsurface Oil Composition - Sample Y.............................	9-11
	PVT Analysis (Chosen Sample)
	Constant Composition Expansion at (Tres)........	12-14
	Differential Liberation at (Tres)
	Differential Liberation Physical Volumetrics...................	15-20
	Evolved Gas Properties.......................................................	21
	Equilibrium Liquid & Material Balance.............................	22
	Viscosity at (Tres)..................................................................	23-24
	Multi-stage Separator Test
	Separator Test Physical Volumetrics...............................	25-27
	Separator Gas Compositions............................................	28
	Stock Tank Liquid Compositions & Material Balance...	29
	Database of Molecular Weights & Densities......................	30

PVT Analysis - The workflow

The workflow for a PVT analysis (Fluid Characterization) is as follows:

Step 1: PVT Data Gathering

Step 2: Fluid samples' QC and validation

Step 3: PVT group identification and representative sample selection

Step 4: Fluid model construction and matching

Step 5: Selecting industrial PVT correlation that represent the reservoir fluid

Step 6: State your recommendation - which fluid sample is valid, which one is not, which one to use for reservoir modeling etc.